Monthly Archives: June 2011

An age-old problem: Public relations as science

There is no doubt that in our increasingly image-conscious and superficially focused times, age discrimination presents a creeping civil rights problem. The tendency to judge the professional and social worth of a person on the basis of his or her apparent age can present artificial barriers to employment and respect. Moreover, age discrimination can dramatically compound sex discrimination, as such problems are often felt more acutely by older women. Therefore, it is no surprise to see recurring campaigns to promote positive attitudes towards people right across the age-spectrum, run by charitable organizations such as Age UK as well as by publications such as Mature Times.

As with any advocacy campaign, new research that provides insights into age discrimination must be seen as important. Scientifically gathered empirical evidence can be crucial in debunking negative stereotypes and in bolstering positive claims. But, alas, not all research is the same – some is little more than advertising propaganda promulgated by capitalists who see vulnerable social groups as lucrative target markets, whose concerns about social exclusion simply make them more likely to spend their money on a solution.

Unfortunately, it appears that advocacy groups are often ill-equipped to identify the difference. Continue reading

Stop the spread of the ecological fallacy

Have a look at this recently launched public health campaign, pithily titled “Stop the Spread“. It aims to address the problem of overweight in the general population. Co-ordinated by Safefood, the statutory body responsible for the promotion of food safety in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, the campaign has proven to be somewhat controversial in both countries. This is not least because of its implication that being overweight is somehow communicable, its promotion of waist-circumference as an uncomplicated measure of disease risk, and its apparent recommendation that all adults — including young and otherwise healthy people — should constantly strive to avoid putting on weight and thus regularly measure themselves in order to track their body shape empirically.

Safefood’s primary gimmick has been to issue 250,000 free measuring tapes for members of the public to use to see just how fat they actually are. Vividly, and without any apparent equivocation, they declare that waist circumferences greater than 32 inches for women or 37 inches for men signify significant risk of developing an obesity-related disease. This approach has been very harshly criticized by many commentators, including eating disorder advocacy and support groupswho spend most of their efforts and resources promoting precisely the opposite approach to healthy weight management. In response, Safefood have forthrightly defended their campaign as being necessary in the face of what they argue is a looming public health catastrophe. Moreover, both their website materials and public spokespersons have been adamant that the 32/37-inch threshold is consistent with the best available scientific research.

However, that particular claim is extremely questionable. It is not at all clear that the scientific research supports the details of this campaign; in fact, in some respects, the campaign directly conflicts with the very scientific research that it cites in its own defence. As a result, this campaign could actually be doing far more damage than good… Continue reading

Wake up and smell the…woahhh!

Let’s get the controversy out of the way first. In the interests of full disclosure, I need to reveal an interest. I consume coffee. There. I’ve said it. Now you may think there is nothing particularly strange about that. After all, some 80% of the world’s population consume caffeinated products every single day. And while coffee has many questionable effects on health, it is generally regarded as an uncontroversial beverage — certainly, in terms of public debate, it is far removed from hard liquor, tobacco, or Class A drugs. However, according to recent reports, we might have to change our views a little. In fact, according to the media, science has now shown the world that coffee has in fact the potential to interfere with mental states in very dramatic ways. Allegedly, the research shows that consuming large amounts of coffee makes you hear voices. Yes, you heard that correctly. Coffee is hallucinogenic! Wow, man. Heavy…

But wait! Does this mean that coffee should be banned or at least controlled? After all, other hallucinogens (such as LSD or ketamine) are proscribed largely because of their mind-altering properties. Stopping short of all-out prohibition, maybe we should just prevent coffee-drinkers from driving or from operating heavy machinery? How about teachers, doctors, and nurses? Shouldn’t they be barred from consuming coffee too? What if they start hearing voices while looking after children or treating patients? Don’t the powers-that-be get it?! The study showed that coffee is an HALLUCINOGEN for goodness sake!!! Except, well, it didn’t. Not really. Continue reading

Sit down while I explain…

In case you haven’t heard, tobacco smoking is very bad for your health. In fact, it is extremely dangerous. It is associated with an astoundingly morbid gallery of adverse consequences, including a quadrupling of cardiovascular disease risk, a quadrupling of stroke risk, at least a dozen-fold increase in lung cancer risk, an increased risk of respiratory conditions such as emphysema and bronchitis, as well as higher levels of infertility, reduced bone density, and even gangrene. In addition to cancer of the lungs, smoking contributes to the onset of cancers of the kidney, larynx, oesophegus, mouth, stomach, bladder, and uterus, making it one of the most cancerous of all human activities. The US Center for Disease Control reckon that smoking kills more Americans each year than HIV/AIDS, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined. But, now, the Daily Mail is telling us that research shows you probably engage in an even more dangerous habit. You — yes, YOU — are very probably engaging in it right now, thereby hastening the arrival of your own imminent death. And what is that you are doing that is so very deadly? Well, you’re going to be surprised. It might even make you fall off your chair. Because it is… sitting. As in “sitting down“. Yes, according to the Daily Mail this week, “Sitting can be more dangerous than smoking“.

Given that the vast majority of our species spends quite a lot of time sitting down, this is quite bad news for the human race in general. And so it was with some discernible relish that the ever fearful Daily Mail reported the story. They even carried quotes from a victim of this devastating blight, someone who sat but who lived to tell the tale. But guess what? It turns out that the Daily Mail got it wrong (and the quoted victim wasn’t best pleased). Now, who’d have thought that possible? Continue reading

This week’s carcinogen: Your mobile phone

So it looks as though we are all going to die. Again. This time it’s our mobile phones that are going to kill us. And who says so? Well, exactly. As in, the WHO says so. In a news story that has captured the imagination of cancer obsessives around the world, no less an authority that the UN’s own health agency have stated that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields — namely, those generated by mobile phones — are “possibly carcinogenic”. Unsurprisingly, given that in over 50 countries there are now actually more mobile phones than people, the global media have gone into something of a tizzy. The story has proven controversial as well as shocking. For one thing, a number of commentators have pointed out that the WHO’s conclusions are strikingly inconsistent with several previous large-scale research studies that have looked for risks associated with mobile phones. So if an authority like the WHO formulates a new position on such an issue, we would be forgiven for assuming that their methods are breathtakingly sophisticated and their evidence both clear and convincing. Well, guess what… Continue reading